Tag Archives: multigenerational family enterprises

04/20/19

Impermanence And Continuity

Construction on the Cathedral of Notre Dame was begun in 1163 and completed in 1345. Today, 856 years later, it stands in its home city the awesome result of 182 years of hard work, dedicated intent, inspiration, innovation and Gothic artistry of the finest quality. Last Monday, April 15, 2019, this center of devotion and indescribable beauty caught fire and underwent millions of dollars In damages.

It’s a tribute to its unquestionable and continued value that those millions of dollars for repairs have been pouring in. Albeit among controversy as to just how to accomplish the task, the cathedral will be restored.

Family businesses too can have long histories. They too have been built, over centuries, by devotion and dedication, innovation, inspiration, hard work, high standards and pride.

Japan’s Hotel Hoshi Ryokan is the world’s oldest family business. It was founded in 718 and is now, more than 1300 years later, under the management of its 46th generation of family members. The family’s watchwords: diligence, humility and resolve. https://www.ho-shi.co.jp/en

But is it permanent? Arguably nothing is. Paris’ historic cathedral will never again be exactly as it was on that day, centuries ago, when it was completed. Hoshi Ryokan has unquestionably undergone many changes to ensure continuity over the centuries—to keep up with the times; to add value that attracts today’s visitors. Change, whether accidental or intended, is perhaps the only constant.

Most family businesses are far from permanent. It’s an accepted fact that most do not last beyond their third generation. For them, that which built a monumental cathedral and a 46-generation business is missing.

Contemplating all this, I stopped to read Seth Godin’s blog entitled Impermanence. https://seths.blog/2019/04/impermanence/. With regard to whether the future will or will not turn out the way we hope it will, he offers the following:

“We have much less direct control over the future than we hope, and that it will always surprise us.”

“We can’t control the future, but we can bend it. And we can’t freeze the world as it is, but we can figure out how to be a part of it.”

To build a family business with a basis for continuity, one can take inspiration from those long-ago builders who intended a great cathedral; saw it standing complete after nearly two centuries of continued work; inspiration also from the Hoshi Ryokan family, whose values transcend time. Accept surprise, and intend your business to be part of the future, both permanent and impermanent.

04/5/19

Time For Letting Go

Sitting at my desk considering what to write for this newsletter I thumbed through the folder of clippings and notes I collect just for this purpose.

I came upon an op-ed piece that’s close to home for me in more ways than one. It was published in the August 5, 2012 edition of the Scranton Sunday Times; written by its publisher, Scott Lynett. I grew up in Scranton and went to school with the Lynetts. And while I’ve lived most of my life elsewhere, a strong family connection to Scranton continues.

What’s the second way this article’s close to home? It’s there in its title: Letting go vital to passing on bright torch. For me, as a professional family-business consultant, this op-ed piece presents a lexicon on how best to pass the business on to the next generation.

The Scranton Times is a family business that was founded in 1895 by Scott Lynett’s great-grandfather. The piece he wrote tells the story of the day his father followed his brothers into semi-retirement, stepping down from leadership and into part-time positions in the firm.

That day was fifteen years in the planning.

Most family-business leaders simply cannot let go, a factor that often leads to the demise of the business within three generations. The Scranton Times family is exceptional. Fifteen years in advance of their retirement, Scott’s father and his brothers hired a family-business consulting firm that specialized in intergenerational transition. They provided guidance for the road ahead.

Over the years many challenges were uncovered, many family meetings held; many difficult conversations. There were issues of management, ownership and governance structure to deal with. Rules and requirements for employment of future generations in the family business were collectively agreed to.

When the day came for Scott’s father to retire, the family was ready. They were all ready, and so was the business. And Scott’s generation is already deep in discussions about how to bring the fifth generation into the family business.

What was it that led Scott’s father and uncles to retire, and let go? In Scott’s words: “Ironically…dedication to the future of the business.”

Successful succession takes planning… optimally many years of planning. It takes that dedication to the future that Scott Lynett, The Scranton Times’ fourth-generation publisher, wrote about in his op-ed for circulation in his family’s own multigenerational publication.

03/23/19

Toward Entering The Family Business

I recently did a presentation on the principles of family-business-best-management practices to an industry group of 2nd and 3rd -generation leaders. One participant commented that she loves the family business and that it would be unfathomable for her not to be part of it.

Her statement reflects some of the important qualities of next-generation leadership in successful family businesses. Those of us who work as advisors to family businesses recognize several characteristic attitudes held by next-generation leaders:

  • I know and love the business
  • Working in the family business is considered my best option
  • I have no other option
  • I am expected to work the family business

Each of these attitudes has consequences for the individual, the current head of the family, and the future of the family business. Knowing and loving the business promotes multi-generational sustainability more than the others.

03/8/19

Give Failure A Chance

In my last newsletter I referenced a Wall Street Journal article* that highlighted two issues not uncommon in family businesses: the value of experience and the rewards of failure. I addressed the first in that newsletter, pointing out the advantages of having next-generation family members gain experience by working outside the family business. In this writing I address the second issue: failure. The article connects failure and experience, saying that that the main reason veteran leaders (those I interpret as having experience) rarely fail dramatically is that they’ve failed before.

The value of learning from failure is incontrovertible. An internet search on “learning from failure” yields upwards of 500,000,000 results in a split second. Not all contain reasons and/or solutions that apply to family enterprises. Not all approaches to learning from and mitigating failure in family businesses apply to non-family businesses.

In family businesses, which may be risk averse, fear of failure can be a significant point of contention. They are often inured to tried-and-true methods of operation. So it’s not uncommon for a next-generation family member to hear from their elders:“ “Do as I told you. When you ‘re in charge you can do it your way.”

The psychological source of contention might be adolescent rebellion being acted out in the business. It might involve a parent not recognizing that the child has grown up. The child also might not realize they now need to build an adult relationship with their parent. It can also be an expression of a parent’s uncertainty of their continued relevancy. Or it may simply be that a first-generation parent has forgotten how they learned from their own mistakes.

Whatever the source it’s important to uncover and deal with it. If not, the future of the family and the business can be compromised; opportunities lost.

Giving a rising-generation family member authority to implement and run small or dear-to-the-heart innovative initiatives—risking their possible failure—allows growth and instills accountability. If they do fail—even dramatically—they will learn what doesn’t work; what not to do again. It’s a first step to becoming a veteran leader; a gain for the young person and the family as a whole.

* https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-truth-about-failing-spectacularly-11550293225?mod=hp_lead_pos9

 

02/24/19

Leaving The Family Business—A Best-Management Practice

A recent Wall Street Journal article, The Truth About Failing Spectacularly* highlighted two issues I find not uncommon in family businesses: the value of experience and the rewards of failure. In today’s article I am addressing the first of these.

The experience connection for family businesses relates to the best-management practice that requires next-generation leaders to gain work experience outside of the family business. This practice adds value by ultimately bringing in skills and knowledge beyond that which had been fueling the family business up to that time. It provides third-party recognition of leadership abilities. It alleviates the concerns of non-family leadership about the value that then next generation can bring into the business. And it reassures them that they won’t be reporting to someone who doesn’t have enough experience to lead.

These advantages are absent when this best-practice is omitted. Working only within the family business can be insular and perhaps even incestuous. The door is closed to new knowledge and fresh ideas.

Attitudes differ widely with regard to these two practices.

I recently had a conversation with a young man who is second generation in his family’s business. His father is adamant that he should not work elsewhere. Respecting his father’s wishes, he doesn’t push the issue, though he would gladly accept an offer of outside employment.

Mindful of fostering sustainability in the family as well as the business, some families not only require ‘working somewhere else,’ they also require that a candidate son or daughter have the necessary experience for the position, within the family business, that they are applying for. This places the child on the same playing field as a potential non-family candidate. For other families providing opportunities for all family members is a priority, and this practice would be unacceptable. The more successful family businesses have found ways to balance these two approaches to next-generation employment.

In striving to achieve this balance, the axiom a strong business supports a healthy family is not to be overlooked.

In my next article I will go into the rewards of failure.

* https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-truth-about-failing-spectacularly-11550293225?mod=hp_lead_pos9

 

02/8/19

Hiring Professional Expertise For Your Family Business

I’ve always been careful about using my blog and newsletter to support the engagement of family-business advisors, because, while in the many situations the outside expert will provide tremendous benefit, I’ve been concerned that doing so would be perceived as self-promotion rather than honest advice.

Putting that aside, in my experience most successful family businesses, large or small, work with family-business advisors to align goals for the family, the shareholders and the business and future-proof the business against challenges that will be faced by emerging generations.

In looking for professional advisors for your family business it’s important to recognize that family businesses are complex and the expertise needed for a well-run family business is multi-disciplinary. Each area of expertise addresses one of the business’ three primary subsystems: ownership, management and the family itself.

As humans we have a tendency to seek advice from those we know and trust. But as I wouldn’t have my CPA do a root canal for me, I should not ask my business attorney to draw-up my will, or ‘have a talk’ with my children who are playing out their rivalries in the office. Equally, I would be wary of the advisor who does not recognize the multiple disciplines that make up a family enterprise or see a need for expertise beyond their own.

Unfortunately, it’s not uncommon to encounter resistance within a family against hiring outside expertise. In her January 29, 2019, Next Avenue article, Hiring an Outside Expert for Your Family Business*, entrepreneurship and personal finance expert Kerry Hannon brings up the psychological or ego issues around hiring professional expertise for a family business. She suggests that when a family believes they are smarter than an outside person or that they don’t need outside perspective, it’s a sign that they do need to bring in outside people.

There’s a reason 125-year-old family businesses are 125 years old. These families have been studied, and it’s not accidental. Hiring outside professional expertise to teach and implement best practices is vital to the multi-generational success of every family enterprise.

* https://www.nextavenue.org/hiring-outside-expert-for-your-family-business/?hide_newsletter=true&utm_source=Next+Avenue+Email+Newsletter&utm_campaign=1ca7a1cd48-02.05.2019_Tuesday_Newsletter&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_056a405b5a-1ca7a1cd48-164957277&mc_cid=1ca7a1cd48&mc_eid=6bb3a49c82

 

01/26/19

Competition—It’s Not All Win-Lose

Competition between siblings can be one of the fiercest dynamics in a family business. Unbridled competition between parents and children can be one of most devastating. But seen from a constructive point of view, inter-family competition can be one of the greatest advantages of family business.

I have been bewildered by stories of cultures that play games in which no one wins. I am equally perplexed by the attitudes of those who see winning or losing as a measure of their prowess and superiority over others.

I like to compete as much as anyone else, and thus found myself in a self-imposed paradox until I considered a perspective of competition that supports winning by all the parties involved. Consider tennis players who appreciate playing against skilled opponents. Both players win by testing themselves and by learning from each other’s game. Don’t get me wrong, I’m not opposed to sports events declaring a winner, rather I recede from intentions of proving inherent superiority by winning.

In family business, I imagine a scenario similar to a sporting activity involving an older and younger sibling. The older, more skilled and stronger, can easily beat the younger in a way that demonstrates superiority, and plays to win accordingly. In a win-win scenario the older sibling derives gratification when the younger achieves increased ability and skill, even to the point where the younger often comes out the victor. Inside the family, strength has been added to strength. By the same token, when a child becomes able to perform a task better than their parent, the parent recognizes a job well done. The family wins too, because new capability has been added.

Family businesses can benefit by understanding that internal competition is not all win-lose. They can learn much by watching its outcomes, becoming aware of the growing strengths within the family that competition showcases.

01/13/19

Family Business And Organizational Culture

The Questions Every Entrepreneur Must Answer, by Amar Bhide, published in the December 1996 issue of Harvard Business Review[1] is one of my perennial favorite articles to use in teaching my class on entrepreneurism at Baruch College, City University of New York.

Rereading the article recently, several thoughts came to mind as being significant when reframed in the context of family enterprises.

Speaking of entrepreneurs the author writes: “To secure the resources demanded by an ambitious strategy, they must manage the perceptions of the resource providers: potential customers, employees, and investors.”[2] Further into the article he adds that “… the entrepreneur must design the organization’s structure and system, and mold its culture and character.”[3] and that “When entrepreneurs neglect to articulate organizational norms…, their organizations develop a culture by chance rather than by design.”[4]

Successful multi-generational family businesses come about more by design than by chance. Considering the article in this context one might view the founder or current head of the family business as ‘the entrepreneur.’ And continuing the simile, family members might be viewed as resources—for the family or the business or both, and managed accordingly. The perceptions of family members have impact regardless of their roles in the business. They help to articulate and establish organizational norms. When these are appreciated and employed as a resource to be developed, a culture arises by choice from within the family.

The perceptions of stakeholders are not the only issue the head of a family business should be alert to, but it is important one when seeking to create a multi-generational legacy.

[1] Bhide, A. (1996, December) The Questions Every Entrepreneur Must Answer. Harvard Business Review.

[2] Ibid.

[3] Ibid.

[4] Ibid

12/14/18

More Thoughts About Family Businesses

Last week I published a note from a reader. She had written in to say that she was thinking about family businesses and wondering why most of them do not survive past their third generation. She supplied some possible answers to this, along with further questions.

Another reader commented on this note, pointing out that sometimes family business owners discourage their children from entering the business. They push them away.

What’s that about? There are many possibilities.

It might mean that the business’ head decision maker grew up in a dysfunctional family; the business had added another divisive instrument. Now, as the family patriarch—or matriarch, he/she does want the children to suffer the same experience. So the children are steered away from the family business.

Or perhaps it means that there’s love in the family and the parents want a better life for their children than they have had for themselves. For example, the greengrocer on the corner wants his children to become successful professionals; doctors and lawyers. The parents don’t want their children to have work the same long, hard hours as they did, and for so little money.

Or perhaps the children are girls. Their father wants to pass his business on to the next generation—and still, in this day and age, not to daughters.

Perhaps, success in a family business can be measured in terms of the growth and prosperity of the owner’s progeny; the family’s succeeding generations, and not the business itself.

 

11/28/18

Thinking About Family Business

Hi Rick,

I was parking my car over near the Vitamin Shoppe, and for some reason I started to think about family businesses.  I thought about how they usually do not last past their third generation. I’ve learned that from you, and always accepted it as fact.  I still know it to be fact, but this time it struck me very hard. Why should that be? What makes the difference between three generations and out, and a multi-generational family business? And what makes that business one that continues for 100 years or more?

Well, it occurs to me that times change. The economy changes. Opportunities for upcoming generations change. The way young people view their futures; their attitudes toward work changes. Is their family business one they can be proud of? Does the business’ values match the values of the current time? Can it’s products or services be updated again and again? What impact does the incumbent generation have upon their thinking? How often can/do they impart a vision of the business in the future?

What makes a young person wish to stay with and build their family business?  And where is the tipping point between the second or third generation, and the next hundred years?

You’ve said it begins with intention.  Where does intention begin?

Suddenly I find this a deep and meaningful mystery.

***

Some thoughts from the Vitamin Shoppe parking lot – November 27, 2018